What is SGPT (ALT) and what does it indicate about liver health?

Answered on : 2024-06-19

Sources

Πυροσταφυλική Τρανσαμινάση (SGPT \ ALT)

athenslab.gr

Τρανσαμινάσες (SGOT ή AST και SGPT ή ALT)

peptiko.gr

Αύξηση των Τρανσαμινάσων – Τρανσαμινασαιμία

kzouridakis.gr

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SGPT, also known as Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), is an enzyme found predominantly in the liver and kidneys. It plays a crucial role in the body's metabolism, specifically in the process that converts food into energy. Here's a concise overview of SGPT (ALT) and its significance in liver health:

1. **Function**: ALT is involved in transferring an amino group from alanine to α-ketoglutarate, producing pyruvate and glutamate. This process is essential for the body's energy production [7].

2. **Diagnostic Marker**: SGPT (ALT) is primarily used as a marker for liver health. Elevated levels of ALT in the blood often indicate liver damage or disease. Common causes include hepatitis (both viral and alcoholic), fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer [5].

3. **Normal Range**: The normal range for SGPT (ALT) levels in the blood is typically between 7 to 56 units per liter. Values outside this range can signify various liver conditions [6].

4. **Testing and Interpretation**: A simple blood test can measure ALT levels. Doctors use this test to diagnose liver disorders, monitor treatment effectiveness, or assess overall liver function. It is often ordered alongside other liver function tests such as AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) [8].

5. **Causes of Elevated ALT**: Besides liver diseases, elevated ALT can also result from non-liver-related conditions such as muscle injury, pancreatitis, or certain medications. However, liver diseases remain the primary concern when ALT levels are significantly high [4].

6. **Management and Treatment**: Treatment for elevated ALT levels depends on the underlying cause. Lifestyle changes such as weight loss, reducing alcohol consumption, and medications to manage specific liver conditions are common approaches [3].

In conclusion, SGPT (ALT) is a vital enzyme for liver function and serves as a crucial indicator of liver health in clinical settings. Monitoring ALT levels through blood tests helps in diagnosing liver diseases early and managing them effectively. Always consult healthcare professionals for interpretation of test results and appropriate medical advice.