What are the methods used for repairing cracks in earthquake-damaged walls?
回答於 : 2024-07-12
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答案
To repair cracks in earthquake-damaged walls, several techniques can be employed, each with a specific purpose and application. The following methods are commonly used:
### 1. **Assessment and Planning**
Before any repair work begins, a thorough damage assessment is conducted to determine the extent and type of damage, as well as the overall stability of the structure.
- **Damage Assessment:** A complete review is compiled for each structural component, identifying crack patterns, reinforcement damages, and potential weaknesses[8].
- **Testing:** Tests are conducted to evaluate the residual strength and stability of the structure[8].
### 2. **Repair Materials and Techniques**
- **Epoxy Injection:** Cracks in walls, columns, and beams are commonly repaired by injecting an epoxy-like material, which is strong in tension, into the cracks. This method is effective in restoring structural integrity[3][8].
- **Richer Mortar and Reinforced Mesh:** For masonry walls, cracks are often repaired by removing damaged sections and rebuilding them with richer, preferably non-shrinking mortar. Reinforced mesh is added on both sides of a cracked wall and covered with cement or micro-concrete for added stability[8].
- **Epoxy or Polymer Mortar Application:** Cracked reinforced cement elements may be repaired and strengthened by applying epoxy or polymer mortar[14].
### 3. **Permanent Repair Methods**
- **Replacing Damaged Sheets:** In cases of significant damage, entire sheets or linings may need to be replaced, and back-blocking techniques can be used to reinstate the linings[7][9].
- **Sealing Shear Cracks:** Advanced methods and materials can be used to seal shear cracks in walls, ensuring the repaired areas regain their strength and durability[10].
- **Retrofit and Strengthening:** Implementing preventative measures, such as brace bolts and seismic retrofits, increases the building's ability to withstand future seismic activity[15].
### 4. **Seismic Strengthening**
- **Increasing Lateral Strength:** This involves increasing the size or number of columns and walls to improve the building's lateral strength[8].
- **Eliminating Weak Points:** Addressing sources of weakness that could induce stress in structural members, thereby reducing the likelihood of future damage[8].
### 5. **Documentation and Guidelines**
Publications like FEMA 308 offer detailed guidance and outline specifications for typical repair procedures, making it easier for professionals to select the appropriate methods and materials for repairing earthquake-damaged concrete and masonry wall buildings[2].
By following these structured approaches, repairs can restore the structural integrity of earthquake-damaged walls and enhance their resistance to future seismic events.
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